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  • Article from 30.06.2024 | Last changed: 30.05.2024

    Supermarket refrigeration

    indoor sight of a supermarket

    … Supermarket refrigeration Supermarkets should cool climate friendly, energy-efficient and without fluorocarbon. Source: Bernard Bailly / Fotolia.com According to the VDMA, around 36,500 centralized refrigeration systems and over …

  • Article from 08.10.2020 | Last changed: 10.10.2025

    Application domains and emission reduction

    … refrigerants, blowing agents, propellants, fire extinguishing agents and solvents, contribute to global warming. This has prompted the development of numerous … in open systems (e.g. as propellants), and as process gas e.g. for semiconductor manufacturing. Please use the navigation on the right hand side for further information on their use in supermarkets, heat pumps, building air-conditioning, mobile air conditioning in cars, buses, and railway vehicles . PFCs …

  • Article from 27.06.2025 | Last changed: 10.10.2025

    German emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases

    … of fluorinated greenhouse gases As a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Germany is required to elaborate annual … the international requirements of the UNFCCC  and the IPCC, Germany is required to compile reports on the nation’s fluorinated greenhouse gas emissions, which going … a high level of detail, quantitative information on emissions data uncertainty, and complete  documentation. Emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases peak in Germany …

  • Article from 20.07.2023 | Last changed: 10.10.2025

    Persistent fluorinated greenhouse gases

    The atmospheric concentration increases. It was 10 ppt in 2020.

    … Persistent fluorinated greenhouse gases Due to the stability of SF6, the concentration in the atmosphere is continuously increasing. Source: AGAGE last update on 20.07.2023 Long-lived … by a long atmospheric residence time and a global warming potential well above 5000 CO 2 equivalents. They are not degraded in manageable periods of time, but …

  • Article from 04.04.2024 | Last changed: 04.04.2024

    Fluorinated greenhouse gases and fully halogenated CFCs

    blue sky and white clouds

    … an international phase-down on their production and use. In 2016 the international community took steps to phase down another group of substances that are particularly … to the climate – hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). last update on 04.04.2024 International community decides first steps towards a phase-down of climate-damaging substances of particular concern: hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Many years of negotiations culminated on the …

  • Article from 15.03.2016 | Last changed: 15.03.2016

    Dioxins

    Dioxin

    … reports and publications on dioxins Source: Umweltbundesamt The term 'dioxin' commonly refers to a group of chlorinated dioxins and furans of similar chemical structure. The group of dioxin compounds consists of 75 polychlorinated dibenzo para dioxins (PCDDs) and 135 polychlorinated …

  • Article from 09.03.2012 | Last changed: 02.03.2016

    CLP Regulation

    … a binding way, it must be transposed into the national law of individual states or communities of states. In Europe, this has been done through the CLP Regulation. … CLP ( C lassification, L abelling and P ackaging) Regulation, came into force. The coming into force of this Regulation marked the trans-European introduction of a new … be applied to substances from 1 December 2010, and to mixtures from 1 June 2015. In contrast to Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, which had to be transposed into …

  • Article from 08.01.2024 | Last changed: 09.01.2024

    Mobile air conditioning with fluorinated refrigerants

    The photo shows that the fluorinated refrigerant 1234yf burned during the laboratory test.

    Mobile air conditioning with fluorinated refrigerants Laboratory test of the … greenhouse gases with global warming potential exceeding 150 for mobile air conditioning systems in motor vehicles since January 2011. Thus the current … 1234yf selected by car industry can lead to fires. last update on 08.01.2024 Mobile air conditioning with fluorinated refrigerants The refrigerant that has been …

  • Article from 13.11.2023 | Last changed: 08.04.2024

    Reactive nitrogen

    Annual nitrogen inputs into the German environment – sectoral percentages of total inputs 1995-2014

    … molecular nitrogen (N 2 ), is in a great many organic and inorganic substance compounds and of vital importance to all life processes. The availability of … the environment, however, it poses a danger to human health and the viability of ecosystems. Forms of reactive nitrogen which are especially relevant to the … matter. The different forms of reactive nitrogen are very mobile and can convert into one another. They circulate in a biogeochemical cycle between air, …

  • Article from 21.05.2025 | Last changed: 21.05.2025

    UMID: Environment and Human Health – Information Service

    Nori-Algenflakes auf einem weißen Teller

    … UMID: Environment and Human Health – Information Service In the context of climate change, alternative protein sources are becoming increasingly important. Source: F_A / pixabay.com / CC0 The magazine "UMID: Environment and Human Health - Information Service" …

  • Article from 17.09.2009 | Last changed: 22.07.2020

    Climate and greenhouse effect

    sun and blue sky

    … of meteorological parameters such as air pressure, wind, temperature, cloud cover, and precipitation over a certain period of time and larger area. last update … also changes over time is evident from knowledge about the last ice age which covered large parts of what nowadays is Germany under a sheet of ice and with catastrophic consequences for all existing life forms at the time. Research in the field of …

  • Article from 10.08.2010 | Last changed: 30.06.2021

    Climate change

    the Earth

    … harbours great risks for man and the environment Source: Julien Jandric / Fotolia.com Global mean surface air temperature has risen gradually since the age of … or man-made, climate change. last update on 10.08.2010 Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) accumulates in the atmosphere as a result of combustion of fossil fuels (e.g. coal and petroleum) as well as large-scale …