Publications

The report proposes an integrated, tiered assessment strategy for aquatic and terrestrial bioaccumulation, combining in silico, in vitro, and invertebrate approaches to minimise vertebrate testing while maintaining the current level of environmental protection.

This publication presents a scenario-based modelling assessment of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS 1) and the FuelEU Maritime Regulation (FEUM), evaluating their individual and combined impacts on the decarbonisation of the European maritime transport sector.

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires a regular assessment of the eutrophication status of the North Sea and Baltic Sea. The basis for the assessment for Germany is the reference condition based on historical nutrient inputs around 1880.

The report investigates how pH influences the toxicity and bioaccumulation of ionizable chemicals in aquatic environments. Ionizable substances switch between neutral and ionic forms, depending on the pH, which directly affects their uptake and toxicity.

This report presents the findings of the project “Analysis of the competitive Situation and the Carbon Leakage risk in European industries”. The aim of the project was to examine how new climate policy developments at the time were affecting the established debate on carbon leakage, and what policy measures required to address these developments.

In the context of the ETS review starting in July 2026, the European Commission is expected to propose the integration of permanent carbon dioxide removals (CDR) into the EU Emissions Trading System 1. While beneficial, this integration also raises concerns due to several risks including mitigation deterrence, market uncertainty, and sustainability impacts.

Following the amendment of the European Climate Law, the European Union (EU) may use a limited volume of Article 6 credits to meet its 2040 climate target. If a share of these credits enters the EU Emissions Trading System 1 (EU ETS 1), this paper argues that indirect integration through an intermediary mechanism would be preferable to direct use by regulated entities.

The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) levels carbon costs between EU and imported products but does not address export carbon leakage. As free allocation under the EU ETS is phased out, EU exporters face rising carbon costs, potentially reducing competitiveness in markets with weaker climate policies.

The guide provides a practical overview of a systematic, transparent and credible climate management in companies. Through nine stages, it outlines the necessary tasks and steps companies can take to identify, control, monitor, communicate and improve their greenhouse gas emissions and climate risks.

The publication examines how nitrogen pollution affects ecosystems and biodiversity across the UNECE region, using harmonized Critical Load maps, national data, and scenario modelling. It evaluates which ecosystems remain at risk under future emission pathways and whether the 2040 biodiversity risk-reduction target is achievable.

The report highlights the close link between greenhouse gas accounting for organizations and products. It is primarily intended for experts in greenhouse gas accounting and members of relevant standards-setting bodies. Meaningful greenhouse gas inventories must, above all, clearly define the scope and objective of the inventory and disclose the accounting methods used.

This study evaluates the extent to which the mitigation-related outcomes of the first Global Stocktake (GST) of the Paris Agreement have been integrated into subsequent Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It specifically examines whether Parties are explicitly referencing the GST as a guiding framework or are merely aligning with its thematic areas (e.g.