Publications

In the context of the ETS review starting in July 2026, the European Commission is expected to propose the integration of permanent carbon dioxide removals (CDR) into the EU Emissions Trading System 1. While beneficial, this integration also raises concerns due to several risks including mitigation deterrence, market uncertainty, and sustainability impacts.

Following the amendment of the European Climate Law, the European Union (EU) may use a limited volume of Article 6 credits to meet its 2040 climate target. If a share of these credits enters the EU Emissions Trading System 1 (EU ETS 1), this paper argues that indirect integration through an intermediary mechanism would be preferable to direct use by regulated entities.

The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) levels carbon costs between EU and imported products but does not address export carbon leakage. As free allocation under the EU ETS is phased out, EU exporters face rising carbon costs, potentially reducing competitiveness in markets with weaker climate policies.

The guide provides a practical overview of a systematic, transparent and credible climate management in companies. Through nine stages, it outlines the necessary tasks and steps companies can take to identify, control, monitor, communicate and improve their greenhouse gas emissions and climate risks.

The publication examines how nitrogen pollution affects ecosystems and biodiversity across the UNECE region, using harmonized Critical Load maps, national data, and scenario modelling. It evaluates which ecosystems remain at risk under future emission pathways and whether the 2040 biodiversity risk-reduction target is achievable.

The report highlights the close link between greenhouse gas accounting for organizations and products. It is primarily intended for experts in greenhouse gas accounting and members of relevant standards-setting bodies. Meaningful greenhouse gas inventories must, above all, clearly define the scope and objective of the inventory and disclose the accounting methods used.

This study evaluates the extent to which the mitigation-related outcomes of the first Global Stocktake (GST) of the Paris Agreement have been integrated into subsequent Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It specifically examines whether Parties are explicitly referencing the GST as a guiding framework or are merely aligning with its thematic areas (e.g.

Action for Climate Empowerment (ACE) demonstrates how society as a whole can be mobilized and empowered to take effective action on climate change. The implementation strategy for Germany outlines a roadmap for 2026–2030 with interconnected priorities: Laying the groundwork, building networks, institutionalizing structures, scaling up and further developing measures.

The paper proposes a post-2030 EU climate policy architecture capable of achieving the EU’s climate goals. It reviews the EU climate targets, e.g. the amended European Climate Law, which introduced a 2040 interim target. The paper assesses the current policy framework and identifies key priorities such as stronger coordination and policy coherence.

This report examines how Action for Climate Empowerment (ACE) can be implemented and strengthened in Germany. Rooted in the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement, ACE emphasizes education, public awareness, participation, and access to information as key to effective climate action. International practices are reviewed, and Germany’s current status is analyzed through expert interviews and research.

Children, adolescents, and people aged 60 and over walk more frequently than other age groups. They also make greater use of bicycles and public transport. In doing so, the youngest and the oldest generations demonstrate environmentally friendly mobility behavior. At the same time, however—as pedestrians and cyclists—they are more frequently involved in traffic accidents.

The publication explores the climate mitigation potential of Blue Carbon ecosystems (BCEs) like mangroves, seagrasses, and tidal marshes. It investigates how to protect and enhance these natural carbon sinks through improved financing, accounting, and reporting mechanisms.