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  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 17.12.2024

    BAU-I-3: Cooling degree days

    The picture shows the glass frontage of a house reflecting the sun. Some of the windows are part-shaded by means of external roller shutters.

    … Cooling degree days In the three summer climate regions according to DIN 4108-2:2013-02 , i.e. the authoritative standard for summer heat protection of buildings, … heat protection in summer, are described in the relevant DIN (standard) 4108-2:2013-02 which bears the same name. The requirements laid out in this standard are … heat protection always in the forefront of their mind. However, DIN standard 4108-2:2013-02 defines only the requirements to be fulfilled by new builds, building …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 17.12.2024

    BD-I-2: Temperature index for bird species communities

    The picture shows an icterine warbler singing from a twig.

    … approximately 2010, but this was followed by a slightly retrograde development by 2013, whereas this was in turn followed by a distinct increase. However, the development between 2010 and 2013 can be attributed in the first place to effects of weather patterns which had … with adverse effects on many breeding bird populations. The developments since 2013 show that the more long-term positive trend reflected by the indicator has …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.12.2024

    BS-R-3: Exercise volume

    The picture shows a THW member from behind; he is in uniform and wears a helmet. It is possible to make out a scaffold with other THW members standing on it.

    … even in years when extreme events have to be dealt with. The severe flood events of 2013 and 2021 did not affect the training hours attended any more than just … to request yet more release from their paid occupation. A case in point occurred in 2013 for instance, in terms of a decline in training hours attended, when in May and … example, the number of training hours attended in the highly challenging year of 2013 with lots of call-outs, was no lower than in 2010 when distinctly fewer …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 11.12.2024

    WW-I-5: Peak discharge values in watercourses

    The picture shows a detailed view of a strong current. The water is tinged brown owing to its mud content.

    … categorised as medium in the summer half-year. However, years such as 1998 and 2013 stand out, when in many cases floodwater levels at many gauging stations had to … catchment areas of the rivers Weser, Aller and Leine was particularly extreme. In 2013 the floodwater forced its way alongside the Danube, Saale, Elbe and other … to levels never attained before. The impacts of this flood were devastating. In 2013 the gauging station at Zeitz on the Weiße Elster in Saxony-Anhalt supplied the …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 11.12.2024

    WW-I-4: Floodwater

    The picture shows a village – situated on the slope of a hill – inundated by floodwater. Some of the lower buildings and some lower floors of houses have been flooded.

    … flood events that occurred since the turn of the millennium, the years 2002 and 2013 stand out. In August 2002 flooding in Germany was particularly prevalent in the … ensuing flood disaster. Likewise, flood events at the end of May and in early June 2013 were triggered by several days of rainfall. Apart from Germany and Austria, … in central and eastern Europe were particularly badly affected. The month of May 2013 is considered to be one of the months in which precipitation was highest since …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 12.12.2024

    LW-I-2: Yield fluctuations

    The picture shows the soil of a cereal field, with large cracks caused by drought.

    … maize yields. There is also striking evidence for decline regarding maize yields in 2013. At the end of May flooding occurred throughout Germany, whilst there were also … for 2003. However, compared to the extraordinary wheat yields of the years of 2013 to 2015, it nevertheless signified a major decline. However, in respect of … maize yields. There is also striking evidence for decline regarding maize yields in 2013. At the end of May flooding occurred throughout Germany, whilst there were also …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.12.2024

    BS-I-1: Person hours due to weather-related damage events

    The picture shows an inundated landscape. In the centre of the picture a flooded road can be seen, with a lorry passing. There are people visible on the lorry’s load platform. In the picture’s foreground, part of a blue emergency vehicle is visible with blue warning lamps fitted all round the vehicle which is also driving along this flooded road.

    … river basins – have characterised the deployment situation. In the early summer of 2013, entire sweeps of country in Central Europe were inundated owing to rainfalls … of fire brigades Germany had ever before experienced. The THW itself rates the year 2013 as unprecedented in terms of the call-out pressure on volunteers: The total … river basins – have characterised the deployment situation. In the early summer of 2013, entire sweeps of country in Central Europe were inundated owing to rainfalls …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 17.12.2024

    BAU-R-3: Investments in the energetic refurbishment of building envelopes

    The picture shows a covered roof structure with insulation installed on its left-hand side.

    … act (GEG) in conjunction with various technical specifications such as DIN-4108-2:2013-02 on the minimum requirements for heat protection, with the aim to ensure that … with legal and technical regulations stipulated by the GEG or by DIN 4108-2:2013-2. Besides, the GEG requires compliance with minimum standards to be achieved … act (GEG) in conjunction with various technical specifications such as DIN-4108-2:2013-02 on the minimum requirements for heat protection, with the aim to ensure that …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    WW-R-2 + 3: GAK funds for and investments in flood protection

    … of near-natural water bodies. In the follow-up to the devastating floods in June 2013 in the river basins of Elbe and Danube, it was furthermore decided to design … of near-natural water bodies. In the follow-up to the devastating floods in June 2013 in the river basins of Elbe and Danube, it was furthermore decided to design …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    KM-I-1: Water temperature in the sea

    The picture shows a view of the surface of the sea from below. The sun’s rays are beaming through the water’s surface. The sea is coloured dark blue to turquoise-green.

    … into question when the increase in the surface temperature in the period of 1998 to 2013 more or less stagnated (global warming hiatus) 74 . Evidence for the warming of … Ren H. 2023: A regime shift in North Pacific annual mean sea surface temperature in 2013/14. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.987349 .   75 - … into question when the increase in the surface temperature in the period of 1998 to 2013 more or less stagnated (global warming hiatus) 74 . Evidence for the warming of …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 20.01.2025

    GE-I-3: Birch pollen burdens

    The picture shows a birch blossom with its pollen distributed by the wind.

    … characteristics of a forest or woodland.   16 - Langen U., Schmitz R., Steppuhn H. 2013: Häufigkeit allergischer Erkrankungen in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der Studie zur … Laußmann D., Ellert U., Kalcklösch M., Langen U., Schlaud M., Schmitz R., Thamm M. 2013: Prävalenz von Sensibilisierungen gegen Inhalations- und … characteristics of a forest or woodland.   16 - Langen U., Schmitz R., Steppuhn H. 2013: Häufigkeit allergischer Erkrankungen in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der Studie zur …