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  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 11.12.2024

    GE-I-2: Heat-related mortalities

    The picture shows an elderly woman wearing a white blouse. The lady is holding on to a rollator with one hand, while she is holding the back of her left hand to her forehead. In the background, a few fuzzy treetops or bushes are visible in bright light.

    … to Climate Change last update on 28.11.2023 GE-I-2: Heat-related mortalities 2018 to 2020 were the first three years in quick succession with an extraordinarily … of heat-related mortalities. Nevertheless, the number of mortalities in the year of 2018 with its persistent searing heatwave was lower than the ‘summer of the century’ … heat periods occur in different years in different frequencies and intensities. 2018 was a year characterised throughout Germany by one of the longest heat periods …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    Effects chain – Example presentation from the ‘trade and industry’ action

    … which the annual mean temperature exceeded 10 °C. With regard to the period since 2018, the annual mean temperature – only for 2021 – was still below this value. In 2018 and 2022 the highest value so far was reached amounting to 10.5 °C in both … occur in tandem with negligible precipitation in summer as for instance in 2018, 2019 and 2022, this can entail intensive and also prolonged dry phases. …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 11.12.2024

    WW-I-6: Low water

    The picture shows a river with a low water level. There are smallish stones and large rocks projecting from the water. The river banks are covered in high grass. There is a woodland adjacent to the river bank.

    … WW-I-6: Low water The extremely hot and dry summers from 2018 to 2020 led to extremely low water levels in rivers. Source: christiane65 / … distinctly low water levels. However, the hot and dry summers of the period from 2018 to 2020 subsequently led to three extreme years. WW-I-6: Low water Source: … accumulations occurred in particular in the years 1991, 2003 and 2015 and lately in 2018 to 2020. This affected in particular the river basins of Rhine, Elbe and Weser, …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    VE-I-1 + 2: Flood closures and low water restrictions on the Rhine

    … Middle and Lower Rhine sections. These phases were particularly long-lasting in 2018. This was typically caused by summer drought and heat. In some cases, the … low-water phases have very severe impacts In meteorological and hydrological terms, 2018 was an extraordinary year which demonstrated how dependent Rhine navigation is … sold at filling stations in southern Germany became scarce and expensive. 160 In 2018, the total freight carried by Germany’s inland vessels was down by …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 11.12.2024

    WW-I-1: Terrestrially stored water

    The picture shows a section of a satellite photograph of the Earth. In the upper margin of the photograph is a radiant sun. On the Earth, clouds and a deep-blue ocean are visible.

    … has decreased significantly in Germany. In particular, the drought period from 2018 to 2020 shows distinctly negative deviations from the mean of the entire time … Climate Experiment, 2002–2017) and its follow-up mission GRACE-FO (GRACE Follow-On, 2018–2023). These satellites are used to observe temporary fluctuations in the … in 2011 and 2013 (cf. Indicator WW-I-4 ) and the effects of the drought period from 2018 to 2020 58 . Nevertheless, there are gaps in the data for 2018 as the first …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    FW-I-8: Forest fire hazards and forest fires

    The picture shows an extensive forest fire. Greyish-white smoke is rising from the seat of the fire. A burnt forest area is visible in the background.

    … FW-I-8: Forest fire hazards and forest fires The dry-hot weather pattern in 2018 and 2019 gave rise to several forest fires. Source: Rico Löb / stock.adobe.com … during that period although in some areas they have been increasing. However, in 2018 and 2019 the extreme hot-dry weather pattern was also clearly reflected in the … In view of the increase in forest fires in the particularly dry and hot years of 2018 and 2019, forest fire risks have again become the focus of greater attention. …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 12.12.2024

    LW-I-2: Yield fluctuations

    The picture shows the soil of a cereal field, with large cracks caused by drought.

    … stormy bouts of heavy rain resulted in harvest losses. The extreme drought years of 2018 and 2019 badly affected both winter wheat and silage maize. 2018 was the year with the most significant average drops in yields so far. The … sowing of winter cereals was practically impossible in many cases, and in spring 2018 summer cereals were sown that produced very poor yields. High temperatures and …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 12.12.2024

    LW-I-3: Hailstone damage in agriculture

    The picture shows a field of maize after a tempest. The maize plants are heavily damaged, with stalks snapped off. Between the plants, there are still areas of standing water.

    … % of harvest losses in this period – that is to say, prior to the drought years of 2018 to 2020 – can be attributed to drought, 26 % of damage to hail storms and just … to have its fair share of harvest damage or harvest losses. The drought summer of 2018 has demonstrated that the average yield losses mentioned above can sometimes be … with regional hailstorm events. Despite some regionally substantial damage, 2018 was overall a year with comparatively moderate damage, although between the end …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 12.12.2024

    FW-I-3 + 4: Forest condition and dieback rate

    … to climate-related changes. This has changed since the heat and drought years of 2018 to 2020. With the exception of oak the mean crown defoliation shows a rising … forest condition survey) FW-I-4: Dieback rate Owing to the drought years of 2018 to 2020, the dieback rates for all main tree species índicate a spontaneous, … changes. This has changed since the time of the heat and drought years of 2018 to 2020. Apart from oak trees, all main tree species nowadays indicate …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 11.12.2024

    WW-I-7: Water levels in lakes

    The picture shows a footbridge leading across the dried-up sandy and stony shore area of a lake. A bridge and some residual water are visible in the background.

    … groundwater levels have entailed – as a consequence of the extremely dry years of 2018 to 2020 – some massive losses of water, especially in the lakes of northern … occurred during the very dry and hot years of 2019 and 2020. For instance, in April 2018, the Groß Glienicker lake in Berlin went into decline with a level of 192 cm during the drought period. By October 2018, the level had dropped by more than half a metre to just above 140 cm. The …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 12.12.2024

    FW-I-5: Damaged timber – extent of random use

    The picture shows a dense spruce forest. Several trees are dead, and in the foreground there is deadwood lying on the forest floor.

    … the late winter of 1990. The volume of calamity timber recorded for the period of 2018 to September 2022 amounted to 245 million cubic metres solid. In recent years … free from relevant impacts caused by random use are becoming ever shorter. Up until 2018, the extremely high proportions of random use compared to the logging total … whilst the low-pressure related storm Burglind, right on the cusp between 2017 and 2018, as well as Friederike in mid-January, broke trees in the western and southern …