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  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 12.12.2024

    BO-R-2: Permanent grassland terrain

    The picture shows a grassland with mown grass. The mown grass is lying in rows. In the right-hand margin a tractor can be seen turning hay. In the upper margin you can see a hay bale.

    … under agricultural use from the adverse effects of climate change. Between 1991 and 2013 grassland areas were experiencing a continuous and significant declining trend. Since 2013 the areas and the respective proportion of land in agricultural use have been … water bodies. The total of Germany’s grassland terrain decreased between 1991 and 2013 by roughly 700,000 ha. Of 5.3 million ha originally, only some 4.6 million ha …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.11.2025

    Effects chain – Example presentation from the ‘soil’ action field

    … grassland in particular, helps to stabilise a landscape’s water balance. Since 2013, there has been a precept in force nationwide requiring the conservation of … unless new grassland is created elsewhere in the territory concerned. Up until 2013 the grassland terrain was diminishing continuously and significantly. After 2013 this trend was reversed. Since then, the grassland terrain and its share of the …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 17.12.2024

    BAU-I-3: Cooling degree days

    The picture shows the glass frontage of a house reflecting the sun. Some of the windows are part-shaded by means of external roller shutters.

    … Cooling degree days In the three summer climate regions according to DIN 4108-2:2013-02 , i.e. the authoritative standard for summer heat protection of buildings, … heat protection in summer, are described in the relevant DIN (standard) 4108-2:2013-02 which bears the same name. The requirements laid out in this standard are … heat protection always in the forefront of their mind. However, DIN standard 4108-2:2013-02 defines only the requirements to be fulfilled by new builds, building …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 17.12.2024

    BD-I-2: Temperature index for bird species communities

    The picture shows an icterine warbler singing from a twig.

    … approximately 2010, but this was followed by a slightly retrograde development by 2013, whereas this was in turn followed by a distinct increase. However, the development between 2010 and 2013 can be attributed in the first place to effects of weather patterns which had … with adverse effects on many breeding bird populations. The developments since 2013 show that the more long-term positive trend reflected by the indicator has …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.12.2024

    BS-R-3: Exercise volume

    The picture shows a THW member from behind; he is in uniform and wears a helmet. It is possible to make out a scaffold with other THW members standing on it.

    … even in years when extreme events have to be dealt with. The severe flood events of 2013 and 2021 did not affect the training hours attended any more than just … to request yet more release from their paid occupation. A case in point occurred in 2013 for instance, in terms of a decline in training hours attended, when in May and … example, the number of training hours attended in the highly challenging year of 2013 with lots of call-outs, was no lower than in 2010 when distinctly fewer …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 11.12.2024

    WW-I-5: Peak discharge values in watercourses

    The picture shows a detailed view of a strong current. The water is tinged brown owing to its mud content.

    … categorised as medium in the summer half-year. However, years such as 1998 and 2013 stand out, when in many cases floodwater levels at many gauging stations had to … catchment areas of the rivers Weser, Aller and Leine was particularly extreme. In 2013 the floodwater forced its way alongside the Danube, Saale, Elbe and other … to levels never attained before. The impacts of this flood were devastating. In 2013 the gauging station at Zeitz on the Weiße Elster in Saxony-Anhalt supplied the …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 11.12.2024

    WW-I-4: Floodwater

    The picture shows a village – situated on the slope of a hill – inundated by floodwater. Some of the lower buildings and some lower floors of houses have been flooded.

    … flood events that occurred since the turn of the millennium, the years 2002 and 2013 stand out. In August 2002 flooding in Germany was particularly prevalent in the … ensuing flood disaster. Likewise, flood events at the end of May and in early June 2013 were triggered by several days of rainfall. Apart from Germany and Austria, … in central and eastern Europe were particularly badly affected. The month of May 2013 is considered to be one of the months in which precipitation was highest since …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 17.12.2024

    VE-I-4: Road accidents due to weather conditions and weather patterns

    The picture shows a car driving on a road covered in water. It is clear to see that the headlights and windscreen wipers are switched on. Heavy rain is falling.

    … injury reached an above-average high level in the summer months of 2010 and 2013. As far as 2010 is concerned, part of the blame can be apportioned to the … very hot. Compared to the past ten years, there were overall fewer accidents in 2013 involving personal injury. The relatively hot July of 2013 was, in fact, the most accident-prone month of the entire period examined and …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 12.12.2024

    LW-I-2: Yield fluctuations

    The picture shows the soil of a cereal field, with large cracks caused by drought.

    … maize yields. There is also striking evidence for decline regarding maize yields in 2013. At the end of May flooding occurred throughout Germany, whilst there were also … for 2003. However, compared to the extraordinary wheat yields of the years of 2013 to 2015, it nevertheless signified a major decline. However, in respect of … maize yields. There is also striking evidence for decline regarding maize yields in 2013. At the end of May flooding occurred throughout Germany, whilst there were also …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 18.12.2024

    BS-I-1: Person hours due to weather-related damage events

    The picture shows an inundated landscape. In the centre of the picture a flooded road can be seen, with a lorry passing. There are people visible on the lorry’s load platform. In the picture’s foreground, part of a blue emergency vehicle is visible with blue warning lamps fitted all round the vehicle which is also driving along this flooded road.

    … river basins – have characterised the deployment situation. In the early summer of 2013, entire sweeps of country in Central Europe were inundated owing to rainfalls … of fire brigades Germany had ever before experienced. The THW itself rates the year 2013 as unprecedented in terms of the call-out pressure on volunteers: The total … river basins – have characterised the deployment situation. In the early summer of 2013, entire sweeps of country in Central Europe were inundated owing to rainfalls …

  • KomPass: Article from 28.11.2023 | Last changed: 17.12.2024

    BAU-R-3: Investments in the energetic refurbishment of building envelopes

    The picture shows a covered roof structure with insulation installed on its left-hand side.

    … act (GEG) in conjunction with various technical specifications such as DIN-4108-2:2013-02 on the minimum requirements for heat protection, with the aim to ensure that … with legal and technical regulations stipulated by the GEG or by DIN 4108-2:2013-2. Besides, the GEG requires compliance with minimum standards to be achieved … act (GEG) in conjunction with various technical specifications such as DIN-4108-2:2013-02 on the minimum requirements for heat protection, with the aim to ensure that …