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  • Article from 27.08.2025 | Last changed: 27.08.2025

    Nitrogen

    A tractor spreading fertilizer on a field

    … to limit the nitrogen surplus to 70 kilograms (kg) N per hectare (ha) on a five-year average by 2030 has not yet been achieved. On average for the years 2018 to 2022, the nitrogen surplus from the total balance for Germany was … exacerbated by the growth in biogas plants in livestock farming regions in recent years, which has been driven by the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG). In addition …

  • Article from 31.01.2019 | Last changed: 29.05.2024

    Nitrous oxide and methane

    Cows standing on a green meadow. The sky is blue, only some clouds are visible.

    … gas that does around 300 times more climate damage than carbon dioxide. The main point sources of nitrous oxide are fertilizers containing nitrogen, as well as … 2002, the German government set itself the goal of reducing nitrogen surplus by 3 years to 80 kilograms (kg) per hectare per year by 2010 (Federal Government 2002). …

  • Article from 14.02.2013 | Last changed: 28.04.2023

    Ammonia, dust and odour emissions

    Pigs on a meadow

    … components such as microbes) that can be hazardous to persons living near such point sources. Waste-air cleaning systems, which reduce pigsty and cattle barn … procedure. This change is long overdue from an environmental protection standpoint, in view of the fact that cattle account for around 50 per cent of ammonia … Directive (IED) and that exceed a defined emission limit value such as 10,000 kg/year for ammonia, are required to register with the Pollutant Release and Transfer …

  • Article from 28.08.2025 | Last changed: 29.08.2025

    Compost and sewage sludge

    A yellow wheel loader implements composting in a composting plant.

    … maximum of five tons of dried sewage sludge per hectare may be applied within three years. The simultaneous application of fertilizers and biowaste is not permitted. To … maximum of five tons of dried sewage sludge per hectare may be applied within three years. The simultaneous application of fertilizers and biowaste is not permitted. To …

  • Article from 28.08.2025 | Last changed: 29.08.2025

    Fertilizer

    Großaufnahme eines Traktors, der auf einem Feld Gülle ausfährt

    … the Nitrates Directive. In its ruling, the ECJ agreed with the Commission on all points of complaint. According to the ruling, Germany violated the Nitrates … proceedings in June 2023. It underwent extensive revision in a process lasting many years, and the current version has been in force since May 1, 2020. The revision was …

  • Article from 17.07.2024 | Last changed: 18.07.2024

    Water Reuse

    … low in water demand (data from 2019) but nevertheless higher than in previous years. The area of irrigated fields has increased by 36% from 2009 to 2019. Due to … Technologies: Water Reuse” 2021-2024), UBA participates with the project PU2R „Point-of-Use Re-Use: Dezentrale landwirtschaftliche Wiederverwendung von häuslichem …

  • Article from 08.10.2021 | Last changed: 16.07.2025

    Joint research project on decentralized water reuse

    Taking lysimeter cores in a field to analyze water balance and transport processes.

    … Source: Kento Ruhl last update on 08.10.2021 In the research project PU 2 R (Point-of-Use Re-Use: Decentralized agricultural reuse of municipal wastewater to … pore water sampling. Source: Fatima El-Athman / UBA Surrounding soil profile at the point of lysimeter extraction (measuring rod of two meters length). Source: Fatima …

  • Article from 18.07.2024 | Last changed: 19.07.2024

    EU Regulation on Minimum Requirements for Water Reuse

    … our recommendations we find reflected in the current EU regulation. Other critical points to the JRC proposal have also been addressed by the European Food Safety … the uptake of water reuse at affordable prices to around 6.6 billion m 3 per year compared to the baseline of 1.7 billion m 3 and that it would lead to a “level …

  • Article from 21.12.2022 | Last changed: 24.10.2023

    Extreme Events / Climate Change

    … in Germany already today. Extensive changes have been observed during the last 30 years. Model projections suggest that climate change is even going to accelerate in … in Germany already today. Extensive changes have been observed during the last 30 years. Model projections suggest that climate change is even going to accelerate in …

  • Article from 12.06.2025 | Last changed: 12.06.2025

    Serious Gaming and Sustainability

    Game controller with landscape

    … UBA Gaming on PCs, consoles and smartphones has gained immense importance in recent years and not just since the COVID-19 pandemic. The research project “Serious Gaming … and a long-term study on SG effectiveness yield mostly positive results that point to an overall beneficial impact of serious games on the learning experience … shown a great interest in earnest topics, including sustainability, for a number of years. The project was intended to establish contact with the games community.  For …

  • Article from 21.08.2022 | Last changed: 16.08.2023

    Reference Values for Assessing Micropollutants in Water Bodies

    … assessment is possible. The highest non-effective dose (NOAEL) is used as the point of departure (POD) for the calculation. To calculate the drinking water guide value from the point of departure (POD), the first step is to calculate the total tolerable daily … and human health. It is derived based on studies for the most sensitive endpoint. The annual average EQS (AA-EQS) is the average concentration over an entire …