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  • Article from 19.02.2014 | Last changed: 28.04.2023

    Soil development

    Rock and soil

    … rock that is fractured and comminuted by a vast array of weathering processes. For example, when water penetrates rock cracks and crevices, causing the rock to expand … is determined by the relative proportions of clay, silt and sand in the soil. For example, loamy sand is a mixture of all three elements, sand being the main one. … rock that is fractured and comminuted by a vast array of weathering processes. For example, when water penetrates rock cracks and crevices, causing the rock to expand …

  • Article from 19.02.2014 | Last changed: 17.11.2025

    Soil functions

    A mole on the surface.

    … archaeological artifacts and contain evidence of historical farming practices. For example, clear-cutting of entire forests in medieval times and the consequent lack … soils. Changes in soil chemistry can potentially mobilize bound substances, an example of this being increasing soil acidification provoked by lower pH values. … compounds are changed by a chemical reaction and lose their original structure, an example of this being acid buffering of a substance such as nitric acid, which …

  • Article from 15.04.2025 | Last changed: 25.04.2025

    The 1.5°C goal of the Paris Agreement

    Lettering 1,5 degrees Celsius

    … way back? An overshoot of the 1.5°C benchmark would have serious consequences. For example, the melting of the ice sheets on Greenland and in the Antarctic would be … … An overshoot of the 1.5°C benchmark would have serious consequences. For example, the melting of the ice sheets on Greenland and in the Antarctic would be …

  • Article from 19.12.2024 | Last changed: 17.06.2025

    Concepts and mitigation strategies

    Photo of an arm with a doctor's coat and gloves holding a globe.

    … aspects should ideally be considered as early as the drug development stage, for example, by designing active substances that are more degradable in sewage treatment … aspects should ideally be considered as early as the drug development stage, for example, by designing active substances that are more degradable in sewage treatment …

  • Article from 18.12.2024 | Last changed: 17.06.2025

    Environmental aspects of the authorisation of human medicinal pro

    Das Foto zeigt mehrere Erlenmeyerkolben mit grünlichem Inhalt, die in einer hellerleuchteten Laborumgebung auf einem Tisch aufgereiht sind.

    … 2024 (1). The guideline: specifies which medicinal products require an ERA. For example, herbal substances, vitamins, and amino acids are exempt. describes the … 2024 (1). The guideline: specifies which medicinal products require an ERA. For example, herbal substances, vitamins, and amino acids are exempt. describes the …

  • Article from 18.12.2024 | Last changed: 17.06.2025

    Environmental effects of pharmaceutical substances

    Photo of a hand wearing a plastic glove taking a water sample in a glass container from a body of water.

    … Environment Agency 2025: Toxicity of active substances to aquatic organisms - examples from aquatics with indication of the most sensitive species Toxicity of …

  • Article from 17.12.2024 | Last changed: 17.06.2025

    Entry and occurrence of human pharmaceuticals in the environment

    Pharmaceutical substances have been detected in the environment in at least 89 countries around the world.

    … pharmaceutical substances from entering the wastewater. This also applies, for example, to used tissues after using nasal drops or ointments. Another pathway for … also influences the amount of active substances that enter the environment. For example, in the treatment of muscle and joint pain, transdermal patches may result … is not a standalone solution, as not all pharmaceuticals can be retained. For example, guanylurea (the main metabolite of metformin) and valsartan are not removed …

  • Article from 13.12.2024 | Last changed: 17.06.2025

    Dispensing drugs: Environmental aspects

    Photo of a consultation in a pharmacy.

    … that they apply this knowledge in collaboration with the medical profession. For example, it would be beneficial if pharmacists could, when possible, offer advice on … that they apply this knowledge in collaboration with the medical profession. For example, it would be beneficial if pharmacists could, when possible, offer advice on …

  • Article from 12.12.2024 | Last changed: 17.06.2025

    Environmentally conscious disposal of leftover drugs

    Photo: Hand throws pills into toilet overlaid with prohibition symbol

    … waste, not in the toilet, to prevent pharmaceuticals from entering wastewater. For example, if you have applied a medicinal ointment, first wipe your hands with a … have shown that some of these substances have negative environmental effects. For example, feminisation of male fish has been observed downstream of sewage treatment … plant effluents due to exposure to hormonally active pharmaceuticals. Another example is the painkiller diclofenac, which has been detected in water bodies and …

  • Article from 11.12.2024 | Last changed: 24.07.2025

    Environmentally conscious use of medicinal products

    Photo of a young woman using a laptop, medication in one hand, looking up information online, with more medication on a table in the background

    … can help prevent the negative environmental effects of pharmaceuticals. For example, disease prevention, considering non-medicinal treatments, and the … In some cases, non-medicinal therapies can be an effective option. Here are some examples: Physiotherapy: For muscular complaints or injuries, physiotherapy can be …

  • Article from 20.01.2025 | Last changed: 17.06.2025

    Entry, occurrence, and effects of pharmaceuticals in the environm

    Photo of digestion towers reflected in the secondary clarifier of a wastewater treatment plant

    … designed to interfere with the regulatory mechanisms of organisms. They can, for example, influence metabolism, disrupt hormonal balance, or alter cell-to-cell … reduced sperm mobility, or the development of intersex characteristics. Another example is the painkiller diclofenac, which damages internal organs such as the … microorganisms have also repeatedly been detected in the environment, for example in rivers and streams downstream of sewage treatment plant effluents, which …

  • Article from 24.04.2025 | Last changed: 22.08.2025

    CASRI report on enhancing Ethics, Gender Equality, and Diversity

    stylized people in different colors

    … equal opportunities to contribute, lead, and succeed. This approach sets a powerful example for future research and innovation initiatives, demonstrating that true … equal opportunities to contribute, lead, and succeed. This approach sets a powerful example for future research and innovation initiatives, demonstrating that true …