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  • Article from 04.02.2020 | Last changed: 30.08.2023

    Bio-based and biodegradable plastics

    an einer Eisenstange über einem gepflasterten Platz oder Fußweg hängen durchsichtige Plastiktüten mit Äpfeln

    … can therefore be bio-based or fossil-based. There are also often mixtures, for example of PLA and degradable polyesters. 1.3. What is the market share of bio-based … place, regardless of the raw material source. According to the current state of practice bio-based plastics, which do not have the same chemical structure as …

  • Article from 30.06.2025 | Last changed: 21.07.2025

    Stabilizing our Landscape Water Balance

    Poor harvests due to heat and drought

    … disrupting this balance. In Germany, only 9 % of rivers and lakes are in good ecological condition, falling short of the European Water Framework Directive … and contributes to climate protection through CO ₂ sequestration in soils. Example: The dike relocation at Sandau Süd on the Elbe River creates 124 hectares of …

  • Article from 19.02.2014 | Last changed: 28.04.2023

    Soil development

    Rock and soil

    … rock that is fractured and comminuted by a vast array of weathering processes. For example, when water penetrates rock cracks and crevices, causing the rock to expand … of soil is driven by many factors. Source: S. Marahrens / Umweltbundesamt Good composition The soil formation processes described above determine the grain … is determined by the relative proportions of clay, silt and sand in the soil. For example, loamy sand is a mixture of all three elements, sand being the main one. …

  • Article from 19.02.2014 | Last changed: 17.11.2025

    Soil functions

    A mole on the surface.

    … conditions are artificially enhanced in order to increase crop yields. But these practices modify natural soil properties in ways that are not always beneficial, in … medium sized pores that can store water for lengthy periods and that promotes good plant aeration, hydration and nutrition. The total water retention capacity of …

  • Article from 15.04.2025 | Last changed: 25.04.2025

    The 1.5°C goal of the Paris Agreement

    Lettering 1,5 degrees Celsius

    … way back? An overshoot of the 1.5°C benchmark would have serious consequences. For example, the melting of the ice sheets on Greenland and in the Antarctic would be … … An overshoot of the 1.5°C benchmark would have serious consequences. For example, the melting of the ice sheets on Greenland and in the Antarctic would be …

  • Article from 18.02.2014 | Last changed: 17.11.2025

    Soil science

    A floor pit with differently coloured layers.

    … of these functions. last update on 18.02.2014 Soil science is a discipline that is practiced by agricultural engineers, geographers, geologists, and lately … the main beneficiaries of these functions. … Soil science is a discipline that is practiced by agricultural engineers, geographers, geologists, and lately …

  • Article from 09.04.2020 | Last changed: 27.06.2024

    Risks and opportunities in responding to the coronavirus crisis

    … together in slums. The situation in refugee camps looks even worse; in Idlib, for example. We are aware that socioeconomic turmoil leads to violence, as a result of … circumstances. The radical measures to prevent the coronavirus from spreading are examples of such changes. We went through a similar experience in the global …

  • Article from 16.04.2020 | Last changed: 27.06.2024

    COVID-19: let’s make sure we don’t learn the wrong lesson

    … collaboration, revitalised global institutions and by investment in global public goods. And it’s telling us just how big are the externalities that markets cannot … system in which each part influences all the others. It would be disastrous, for example, to put on hold our attempts to control global climate change whilst we deal …

  • Article from 20.04.2020 | Last changed: 27.06.2024

    Ecology of data: we should use the coronavirus crisis as ...

    … ecosystems, while the digitalisation community talks of “digital ecosystems". Three examples: Decentralisation Systems of sustainability, as well as those in the … first place. This saves costs and resources, as points of weakness can be found in good time and high-cost repairs, or the replacement of entire machines, can be …