… cultivation of crops to produce healthy food. Another useful function of stable ecosystems is that they capture carbons from the atmosphere, binding and storing them … contributing to the provision of natural climate protection as long as these ecosystems remain in a stable condition. However, biological diversity is endangered. …

… is the outcome of complex interactions among all components that make up the system of land, atmosphere and oceans. Also part of this system are the biosphere with seasonal changes in vegetation, the hydrosphere, the … and the years from 2014 to 2022 were, in global terms, the nine warmest years since systematic records began. For Germany, sufficient data exist from 1881 onwards …

… oxygen deficiency and so-called "dead zones" is expanding, affecting coastal ecosystems and the fishing industry. Nutrient input from the land is one of the main … up, which can lead to catastrophic developments in fish stocks and the entire ecosystem. The reduced water flow can reduce the continuity and connectivity of the … waters, this input leads to increased compaction or "clogging" of the gravel gap system of the river bed and thus to a loss of habitats and spawning sites (e. g. for …