sea ice

Detailed numerical climate models are used to investigate possible future climate developments. Experts use these to carry out extensive simulations based on different emission scenarios. The results of such simulations are referred to as climate projections. They enable conclusions to be drawn about the range of possible future changes to the climate system.

Maps of the Antarctic cannot even come close to reflecting the geographic diversity of the region. Beneath the massive ice layers lie mountains that are kilometres high with deep craggy ravines. As the seasons change, the sea ice forms ever new coastlines, and thus the exact surface area is also in a state of constant change.