Uses
PFAS are characterised by particularly useful properties: they are water-, grease- and dirt-repellent, heat-resistant and durable. This makes them ideal components for industry and numerous consumer products – from non-stick pans and pizza boxes to waterproof jackets.
Impregnating agents containing PFAS help to ensure that these properties are retained even after repeated washing. PFAS are also used in stain-resistant carpets.
However, it is precisely these properties that pose a problem: PFAS are so stable that they do not degrade completely, thereby becoming a burden on our environment.
Their release into the environment via agriculture is particularly widespread. In this sector, pesticides containing PFAS are used.
Similarly, PFAS are released into the atmosphere on a large scale through the degradation of fluorinated gases – for example, from air-conditioning systems – and are then washed back down to the ground as rain.
Other (non-exhaustive) areas of application for PFAS include:
- Fire-fighting foams
- Biocides
- Waxes/lubricants (e.g. ski waxes)
- Building materials (e.g. weather-resistant paints and varnishes to protect building facades from dirt)
- Medical devices and pharmaceuticals
- Electronics and semiconductors
- Cosmetics
- Surface treatment of metals and plastics
Articles
PFAS in firefighting foams
PFAS are still widely used in firefighting foams. Given their problematic properties, the UBA recommends using fluorine-free alternatives. Firefighting foams containing fluorine should only be used in the event of fires for which no effective alternative exists.