particulate matter

Umwelt-Indikator

Indicator: Population exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5)

A graph shows the proportion of people in Germany affected by exceeding the guideline value and the World Health Organisation's interim target 4 for particulate matter (PM2.5) from 2010 to 2021 - with a descending trend with regard to interim target 4.

Since 2010, the population's PM2.5 exposure above an annual average of 10 µg/m³ (interim target 4 of the new guideline values of the World Health Organisation (WHO) from 2021, equal to the old WHO guideline value from 2005) has decreased significantly in Germany.However, between 2010 and 2021, almost the entire population was exposed to particulate matter levels above the current WHO guideline val... read more

Indicator: Air quality in agglomerations

Two graphs show how strongly, on average, urban background levels of three main air pollutants in German agglomerations exceeded the old and the new WHO recommendations between 2000 and 2022. The trend for the different pollutants varies. With the new, stricter WHO recommendations of 2021 for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5), the distances to the target have become significantly greater. Between 2000 and 2022 the values for NO2 range between 172 and 52 %, for ozone between 44 and 39 %.

After the background level in German agglomerations exceeded the old recommendations of the World Health Organisation (WHO) only for the air pollutant ozone (figure left), the background level now clearly exceeds the updated WHO recommendations from 2021 also for particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide NO2 (figure right).Close to sources, pollutant levels can even be significantly higher.T... read more

Indicator: Population exposure to particulate matter (PM10)

A graph shows the proportion of people in Germany affected by exceedances of the World Health Organization's 2021 guideline value for particulate matter (PM10) from 2010 to 2021. The share was consistently close to 100 % throughout the entire period.

Between 2010 and 2021, the proportion of the population exposed to PM10 concentrations above the WHO guideline value decreased from 90.5 % to 20.3 %.Comprehensive measures to reduce particulate matter pollution in Germany are absolutely essential for health protection.New EU limit values for particulate matter, which are to apply from 2030 as part of the revision of the EU Air Quality Directive, a... read more

Indicator: Population-weighted particulate matter exposure (PM10)

A graph shows the population-weighted fine particulate pollution (PM10) annual mean for Germany from 2010 to 2021. The load decreased significantly by 33 % from 2010 to 2021.

Population-weighted particulate matter (PM10) levels in Germany were significantly lower in 2021 than in 2010.In 2021, the population-weighted particulate matter exposure was 13.0 micrograms per cubic meter on average for the year. This is 33 % less than in 2010.The decrease in exposure is due to declining emissions from stationary sources (e.g., power plants, waste incineration plants, domestic f... read more

Indicator: Population-weighted particulate matter exposure PM2.5

A graph shows the population-weighted fine particulate pollution (PM2.5) annual mean for Germany from 2010 to 2021. The load decreased significantly by 42 % from 2010 to 2021.

Population-weighted particulate matter (PM2.5) levels in Germany were significantly lower in 2021 than in 2010.In 2021, the population-weighted particulate matter exposure was 9.3 micrograms per cubic meter on average for the year. This is 42 % less than in 2010.The decrease in exposure is due to declining emissions from stationary sources (e.g., power plants, waste incineration plants, domestic f... read more

Air

Cadmium in particulate matter

Schornsteine vor blauem Himmel

Cadmium is toxic and cancerogenic. It belongs to the heavy metals and usually occurs bound to other substances. In ambient air arsenic is measured bound to particulate matter. read more

Air

Arsenic in particulate matter

A smoking chimney

Arsenic is toxic and can have metallic or non-metallic characteristics. It rarely occurs elementary but most of the time bound to other substances. In ambient air arsenic is measured bound to particulate matter. read more

The Umweltbundesamt

For our environment