Publications | Umweltbundesamt

Economy | Consumption, Water

Summary of measures for implementing Article 11 (3) l WFD

Part I

Strategies for implementing the requirements of Article 11 (3) l of the Water Framework Directiveaimed at preventing and minimising theconsequences of unexpected water pollution arising from technical installations

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As a “framework directive”, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) seeks to bring together all individual acts of legislation and international conventions relating to water utilisation and water conservation. It applies to all types of waters within the territory of the Community, i.e. surface waters (rivers, lakes, transitional waters and coastal wa-ters) and groundwater. With the entry into force...read more

Economy | Consumption, Water

Action Concept Proposed measures for implementing Article 11 (3) l WFD

Part II

Strategies for implementing the requirements of Article 11 (3) l of the Water Framework Directiveaimed at preventing and minimising theconsequences of unexpected water pollution arising from technical installations

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With a view to ensuring integrated protection of water and sustainable use of water resources, “Directive 2000/60/EC of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy” (Water Framework Directive, WFD) 1 initiated a reorganisation of the entire EU water legislation. As a “framework directive”, theWFD seeks to bring together all individual acts of legislat...read more

Economy | Consumption, Water

Explanation of Action Concept Proposed measures for implementing Article 11 (3) l WFD

Part III

Strategies for implementing the requirements of Article 11 (3) l of the Water Framework Directive aimed at preventing and minimising the consequences of unexpected water pollution arising from technical installations

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As a “framework directive”, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) seeks to bring together all individual acts of legislation and international conventions relating to water utilisation and water conservation. With the entry into force of the WFD, waters in the EU are to be managed in accordance with a single legal framework. A new aspect isthe fact that waters are no longer to be managed within the...read more

Economy | Consumption, Health

Nanotechnology for humans and the environment

Promote opportunities and reduce risks

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Unambiguous definition of nanomaterials is of fundamental importance for intended regulations on nanomaterials, since not only the legal obligations have to be clear, but also just what is subject to them. For this purpose it is necessary, among other things, to enhance such definitions.  Nanomaterials such as agglomerates and aggregates should also be defined, since besides the size of nanomateri...read more

Climate | Energy, Economy | Consumption, Transport

Linking CO2 Emissions from International Shipping to the EU Emissions Trading Scheme

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International shipping is believed to have emitted between 428 and 913 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) in 2001. Reduction measures are needed. The report analyses the feasibility of a cap-and-trade system for CO2 emissions from international shipping linked to the European Emission Trading Scheme (ETS).read more

Climate | Energy, Economy | Consumption, Transport

Market Based Instruments for Abatement of Emissions from Shipping

A pilot project for the Baltic Sea

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Air pollution Emissions from shipping, especially SOX, NOX, and PM, are perceived increasingly as a problem for human health and the environment. Efforts by the International Maritime Organisation to reduce these emissions by international agreements have not achieved adequate results. The Report focuses on the situation in the Baltic Sea and provides an analysis of the legal enforceability and fe...read more

Waste | Resources, Soil | Land

Development of strategies and sustainability standards for the certification of biomass for international trade

Sustainable Bioenergy: Current Status and Outlook

Summary of recent results from the research project

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Since Summer 2007, Öko-Institut (Institute for Applied Ecology) and IFEU (Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, a non-profit limited liability company, Heidelberg) are carrying out the project “Development of Strategies and Sustainability Standards for the Certification of Biomass for International Trade (Bio-global)” on behalf of Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environmental Agency) . The stu...read more

Climate | Energy, Economy | Consumption

HFC-containing Propellants in Canned PU Foam (OCF)

Estimation of the reduction potential of emissions from OCF with regard to a clarification of the provisions given in §9(1) of Regulation (EC) 842/2006

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The propellant gases of OCF – first CFCs, then HCFCs, finally HFCs – have been subject to environmental legislation. In1998, the application of OCF still constituted the major source of HFC emissions at that time by causing global warming emissions of 1.5 million t CO2 equivalents in Germany.The study shows that a lot of time was required before the European manufacturers were able to produce cann...read more