Publications | Umweltbundesamt

Chemicals

Review and Enhancement of New Risk Assessment Concepts under REACH

In this project, the guidance documents should be verified using the example of potentially endocrine disrupting (ED) chemicals. Three substances were selected mainly based on in silico (2,4,6-tribromophenol), in vitro (benzanthrone) and in vivo data (benzophenone-2). In order to evaluate the potential for endocrine disruption, several additional in vitro tests and one in vivo test were performed...read more

Chemicals, Water

Understanding the exposure pathways of per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) via use of PFASs-containing products – risk estimation for man and environment

The contribution of outdoor jackets as a source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) regarding the environmental and human exposure in Germany and other member states of the European Union (EU) has been investigated. Following the development of robust and validated analytical methods for 24 different PFASs, a total of five impregnating agents and 16 different jackets were analyzed. Esti...read more

Economy | Consumption

Green Products in Germany 2014

Status Quo and Trends

Are green products being substituted for conventional products, or are they simply being used in parallel? Is the same trend being seen across all product segments? Does it apply to the big points of sustainable consumption? This report takes these questions as a point of departure from which to explore market developments in sustainable consumption overall in Germany, away from any isolated repor...read more

Climate | Energy

Options and Proposals for the International Governance of Geoengineering

The study has three main parts: After the introduction, section 4 explores whether and to what extent it is useful and feasible to have a single definition of geoengineering for governance purposes. section 5 analyses the existing governance of geoengineering in international law,with a brief overview of EU and German law. On this basis, section 6 develops specific regulatory options and proposals...read more

Air, Transport

An Aviation Carbon Offset Scheme (ACOS)

Version 3.0 - Update

This paper provides a concept for the design of the Aviation Carbon Offset Scheme (ACOS) and aims at overcoming the deadlock that has continued for many years between developed and developing countries, hindering an agreement on instruments addressing greenhouse gas emission of the aviation sectors. We discuss key design options of such a scheme, including which entity should be responsible for pu...read more

Chemicals

Identification of relevant emission pathways to the environment and quantification of environmental exposure for Bisphenol A

This study aimed at an evaluation and quantification of the contribution of the various uses of Bisphenol A with respect to their emissions into the environment. For this purpose, scientists considered the chemical’s whole life cycle from production, further processing, the various uses to the waste stage. The basis for this analysis was data from the submitted registration documents according to...read more

Climate | Energy

Squaring the Circle of Mitigation Adequacy and Equity: Options and Perspectives

In this report we evaluate available options for a variety of aspects around the differentiation of mitigation commitments. We find that for the level of participation, the selection of commitment types, and choice of effort-sharing approaches there is no silver bullet. A portfolio approach that incorporates multiple options may be most suited to ensure environmental effectiveness, cost-effectiven...read more

Chemicals

Strengthening the Administration and Help required for the practical Implementation of EU Regulation (EC) No.648/2004 on Detergents in Bulgaria

As part of the first project (2008-2009), the enforcement regulations relevant for the implementation of Regulation (EC) No. 648/2004 were incorporated into an enforcement concept, for whose practical application, market surveillance structures were created as part of the second project (2010-2011).The aim of this second project “Implementation of Regulation (EC) No. 648/2004 in Bulgaria: inspecti...read more