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Economy | Consumption, Sustainability | Strategies | International matters

Border Tax Adjustments for Additional Costs Engendered by Internal and EU Environmental Protection Measures: Implementation Options and WTO Admissibility

In fact, the WTO admissibility of introducing environmentally motivated border tax adjustments (BTAs) via import taxes has not yet been definitively clarified neither by the WTO Panel and the Appellate Body nor in the jurisprudential literature. In our view, however, a BTA for almost all additional costs attributable to internal environmental protection measures is admissible under WTO regulations...read more

Series
Climate Change
Number of pages
36
Year of publication
rated as helpful
269
Chemicals

Do without Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Prevent their Discharge into the Environment

Perfluorinated und polyfluorinated chemicals (PFC) are the subject of increasing public debate. Particular interest has been focussed on studies carried out by the Ruhr University in Bochum, which show that certain of these chemicals are absorbed into the human body through drinking water, where they accumulate. read more

Series
background paper
Number of pages
17
Year of publication
rated as helpful
309
Economy | Consumption, Health

Testing of Emissions from Office Devices during the Printing Phase for the Advancement of the Blue Angel Environmental Award for Laser Printers and Multi-function Devices with Special Consideration of Ensuring Good Indoor Air Quality

The investigations performed on laser printers essentially served as a revision of the test method for the determination of emissions from hardcopy devices for the environmental awar 'Blue Angel' for office devices according to RAL-UZ 62, 85 and 114 of Juni 2003. The resulting test procedure according to RAL.UZ 122 was prviously published in Juni 2006.read more

Series
Texte
Number of pages
157
Year of publication
rated as helpful
314
Climate | Energy

Methodological design and institutional arrangements for auctions in the EU Emission Trading System (EU-ETS)

In Germany, emission allowances (European Union Allowances, EUAs) for the first trading period (2005-2007) were allocated completely free of charge. In the second trading period (2008-2012) annual volumes of 40 million EUAs will be sold (Article 19 ZuG (Zuteilungsgesetz – The German Allocation Act) 2012). After an initial phase during which EUAs have been sold by the state-owned bank KfW Bankengru...read more

Series
Climate Change
Number of pages
61
Year of publication
rated as helpful
147
Waste | Resources

Opinion of the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA) concerning the proposal by the European Commission of 3 December 2008 for the revision of Directive 2002/95/EC

It is the purpose of Directive 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS Directive) to regulate the exclusion of certain harmful substances from being used in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). On 3 December 2008, the European Commission presented a proposal for the revision of the RoHS Directive and initiated the...read more

Series
background paper
Number of pages
16
Year of publication
rated as helpful
264
Chemicals, Sustainability | Strategies | International matters

Sustainable Chemistry

Positions and Criteria of the Federal Environment Agency

It is important to define requirements and quality criteria for sustainable chemistry and provide for possible solutions to be measurable, assessable and practicable. Hence, the concept of sustainable chemistry has to develop and propagate successful approaches.read more

Series
background paper
Number of pages
42
Year of publication
rated as helpful
304
Transport

Natural refrigerants - CO2-based air conditioning system put topractical testing

The refrigerant commonly used in mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems is tetrafluoroethane, R134a for short. R134a has a high global warming potential (GWP), 1,300 times higher - according to more recent calculations by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), even 1,430 times higher – than that of CO2. A car equipped with air conditioning produces additional emissions  corresponding...read more

Series
background paper
Number of pages
4
Year of publication
rated as helpful
297
Climate | Energy, Sustainability | Strategies | International matters

Integrated Strategy for the Reduction of Nitrogen Emissions

Fluxes of reactive nitrogen compounds1 caused or massively changed by human activity constitute a cross-cutting problem in environmental protection. The intensification of the nitrogen cycle makes it possible to supply a growing world population with protein-rich food, but has considerable adverse effects on the environment and human health.read more

Series
background paper
Number of pages
11
Year of publication
rated as helpful
326