Publications | Umweltbundesamt

Climate | Energy, Economy | Consumption, Sustainability | Strategies | International matters

Recommendations to safety guidelines and standards for the use of natural refrigerants

In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, cooling technologies based on natural refrigerants with negligible or insignificant effect on the environment and climate have experienced a renaissance in recent years. A variety of highly efficient applications has been developed and has now reached a technical level that makes their use economically viable. Nevertheless, natural refrigerants require...read more

Climate | Energy, Economy | Consumption, Sustainability | Strategies | International matters

Recommendations on certification and training procedures for alternative refrigerants regarding the Regulation (EU) No. 517/2014

In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, cooling technologies based on natural refrigerants with negligible or insignificant effect on the environment and climate have experienced a renaissance in recent years. A variety of highly efficient applications has been developed and has now reached a technical level that makes their use economically viable. Because natural refrigerants require carefu...read more

Climate | Energy, Economy | Consumption, Sustainability | Strategies | International matters

Guidance on the control on the trade and on inspections of undertakings with regard to fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) and ozone-depleting substances (ODS)

This guidance document has been developed in the project “Implementation and enforcement of EU regulations on fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) and ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in Bulgaria”. The objective of the document is to support Bulgaria in maximising its regulatory and enforcement capabilities with a focus on market surveillance and inspections of companies. It summarises the regul...read more

Climate | Energy, Economy | Consumption, Sustainability | Strategies | International matters

Implementation and enforcement of EU regulations on fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) und ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in Bulgaria

Final Report

This report summarises the findings and results of the project “Implementation and enforcement of EU regulations on fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) and ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in Bulgaria”. The project’s objective was to identify potential for improving the implementation and enforcement of different EU-regulations, e.g. of Regulation (EU) No. 517/2014, in Bulgaria. It focussed on...read more

Climate | Energy

Compatibility of the European Emissions Trading Scheme with interacting energy and climate policy instruments and measures

Creating scarcity through stringent targets and flexible control of the certificate supply

The European Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is currently unable to fulfil its role as a leading climate policy instrument: surpluses in the market have pushed the price of emission allowances down over a long period of time and weakened incentives created by the EU ETS. The caps are structurally set too high and not sufficiently coordinated with interacting energy and climate policy instruments...read more

Chemikalien

Harmonization of environmental exposure assessment for veterinary pharmaceuticals and biocides: ring test for validation of a draft test protocol for studies on transformation in manure

The spread of veterinary medicinal products (VMP) and biocides onto agriculturally used areas repre-sents a very important path of entry into the environment for these product groups. For this reason, current guidance (e.g. „Guideline on determining the fate of veterinary medicinal products in ma-nure“ (EMA/CVMP/ERA/430327/2009) (EMA, 2011) stipulates experimental studies on transfor-mation of VMP...read more

Chemikalien

Harmonization of environmental exposure assessment for veterinary pharmaceuticals and biocides: Literature review of studies on occurrence and transformation of veterinary pharmaceuticals and biocides in manure

The spread of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) and biocides onto agriculturally used areas represents a very important path of entry into the environment for these product groups. Within this literature study public available transformation studies with liquid manure are summarized. Transformation studies were evaluated considering the transformation fate of tested substances, the origin and c...read more

Chemikalien

Harmonization of environmental exposure assessment for veterinary pharmaceuticals and biocides: Influence of different experimental set-ups on observed mineralization

The spread of veterinary medicinal products (VMP) and biocides onto agriculturally used areas represents a very important path of entry into the environment for these product groups. For this reason, current guidance (e.g. „Guideline on determining the fate of veterinary medicinal products in manure“ (EMA/CVMP/ERA/430327/2009) (EMA, 2011) stipulates experimental studies on transformation of VMPs a...read more