Publications | Umweltbundesamt

Economy | Consumption

German Notes on BAT of the production of

Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals

The manufacture of sodium perborate takes place as tetrahydrate at first, which is converted in a second process to monohydrate by means of dehydration. Both compounds, the tetrahydrate as well as the monohydrate can be used for the production of detergents. The monohydrate is also used for the manufacture of dishwashing detergents.read more

Economy | Consumption

German Notes on BAT of the production of

Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals

This document comprises the contribution of Germany to the exchange of information in the European Union on the use of Best Available Techniques (BAT) to control the environmental impact of industrial processes and describes the production of urea. This German report provides information on technology for urea production to reduce environmental impact for the drafting of a European BAT – Reference...read more

Economy | Consumption

German Notes on BAT of the production of

Large Volume Solid Inorganic Chemicals

Multi-nutrient fertilizers have increasingly gained importance in the last decades mainly for economic reasons, but also due to technical and physiological aspects. According to the type of manufacture, they are divided into mixed fertilizers and complex fertilizers. The manufacture of mixed fertilizers is generally effected by simply mixing dry single fertilizers, so that there are not caused any...read more

Economy | Consumption

German Notes on BAT of the production of

Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals

The annual world production of sodium carbonate (soda) amounted to approximately 31,5 million tons in 1993. The main share is synthetic soda. Nowadays it is only manufactured by means of the Solvay technology, which – as it uses NH3 as auxiliary material – is also called „ammonia soda process“. Approximately 35 % of the world production is natural soda, mainly manufactured in the USA.  read more

Economy | Consumption

German Notes on BAT of the production of

Large Volume Gaseous and Liquid Inorganic Chemicals

Synthesis gases are mixtures from hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Raw materials are solid, liquid or gaseous fuels, which react under additivation of oxygen and / or steam at higher temperatures. Often the production of synthesis gas is a very economic recycling process of residues, which can provide the basis for basic chemical products, e.g. methanol. So heavy vacuum distillation residuals from re...read more

Water

Fallstudien zu gebietsfremden Arten in Deutschland

Case Studies on Alien Species in Germany

Fallstudien zu gebietsfremden Arten in Deutschland gemäß Beschluss-/Abschnittsnr. V/8 und V/19 der 5. Vertragsstaaten-konferenz des Übereinkommens über die biologische Vielfaltread more

Chemicals, Water

Quality Targets for Active Ingredients of Pesticides to Protect Inland Surface Waters

Quality targets are reference values and guidelines with regard to a particular protected asset and serve as a benchmark for the quality of surface waters. After quality targets had previously been determined for 28 industrial chemcials and 7 heavy metals, this new publication now describes the derivation of quality targets for 35 active ingredients of pesticides with regard to aquatic communities...read more

Chemicals

Sustainable and Precautionary Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Chemicals

Part I: New Strategies for the Ecological Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Substances Part II: Chemicals in the Environment which Interfere with the Endocrine Systems of Humans and Wildlife In german available as Text 30/2001read more