The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Indonesia under the ⁠UNFCCC⁠. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials. Fields of mitigation assessed are land use, land use change and forestry (⁠LULUCF⁠) governance and monitoring as well as electricity demand and generation. A chapter is dedicated to the ongoing and planned increase in coal use – contrary to mitigation ambition in other fields – including an analysis of the economic role and local impacts of coal.