In addition to CO₂, aviation affects the climate through other emissions and atmospheric processes, such as the formation of ozone and contrail cirrus. Although these non-CO₂ effects account for about 2/3 of aviation's total climate impact, they have not been regulated in the past.

This report summarizes the most important decision parameters that need to be considered by policy-makers for the implementation of a ⁠Monitoring⁠, Reporting and Verification (MRV) framework for non-CO₂ effects of aviation. Many of the considerations are also reflected in the MRV framework of the EU Emissions Trading System, which will enter into force on 1 January 2025.