Global carbon dioxide emissions need to be reduced by at least 50 to 85 % in 2050 compared to 2000 levels to limit global surface temperature increase to 2°C compared to preindustrial levels (⁠IPCC⁠ 2007). As an intermediate greenhouse gas emission reduction target for industrialized countries in 2020, the IPCC (2007) confirmed a range of 25 % to 40 % compared to 1990, together with a substantial deviation from baseline in some developing regions, which was quantified as reductions in the range of 15 % to 30 % below baseline (den Elzen and Höhne 2008). While the climate summit in Copenhagen (COP 15) failed to come up with an international agreement involving binding greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets, under the Copenhagen Accord (⁠UNFCCC⁠ 2009) most Annex I countries pledged quantifiable emission reductions. Similarly, several developing countries submitted nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs).