This report deals with the effects of pesticides on biodiversity in agricultural and especially arable landscapes. The term “pesticide” describes plant protection products and biocides. The former are used in the agricultural production process to protect crop plants (or their plant products) against harmful organisms like insects, fungi, or other plants. The term ‘biocides’ is used for substances to control organisms that are harmful to humans, their activities or the products they use or produce, or for animals or for the environment in the non-agricultural sector.