Under the Paris Agreement (PA), Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed to limit global warming to "well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels" and to make efforts to "limit the temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels". Achieving these temperature objectives depends imperatively on sufficient national climate action in the mid-term. This study commissioned by the German Environment Agency reveals, that – based on fairness and cost-effectiveness considerations for effort sharing - in particular prosperous and wealthy countries need to re-assess their current commitments under the PA.