The objectives of the present research study were twofold: first, to provide a synthesis of the state of the art of research on climate change impacts on water resources and the occurrence of extreme events (floods, droughts and heatwaves) in Europe. Observed and projected changes at regional level are analysed in detail. The second objective was to analyse the challenges for European societies that result from these changes in water resources, to compile options for adaptation, and to provide support  to policy-makers in developing adaptation strategies. This report presents the results of a research project carried out by Ecologic and the Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact Research on behalf of the German Federal Environment Agency.