A distance-based toll for HGV, coaches and cars makes it possible to set differentiated charges for infrastructure and other costs incurred by society as a result of road traffic – for instance, environmental costs. Frequent drivers pay more than occasional drivers, resulting in positive ecological and traffic steering effects and which is why the use of this instrument in Germany should be expanded. The time-based vignette is not a meaningful solution, since it amounts to a flat rate charge for frequent road users and generates almost no environmental or traffic steering effects.